Pre-treatment AML patients had a significantly higher serum concentration compared to healthy volunteers for BAFF, 3,651.1 pg/ml (983.9–9151.4 pg/ml) versus 651.4 pg/ml (362.9–1,122.3 pg/ml), p < 0.0001; APRIL, 5.96 ng/ml (1.65–43.4 ng/ml) versus 1.68 ng/ml (1.0–7.56 ng/ml), p < 0.0001; IL-6, 12.12 pg/ml (1.96–43.4 pg/ml) versus 1.92 pg/ml (0.87–2.43 pg/ml), p < 0.001; and TNF-α, 9.06 pg/ml (3.92–83.4 pg/ml) versus 5.35 pg/ml (3.12–7.4 pg/ml), p = 0.04. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.