APOBEC1 expression has been linked to cancer: transgenic mice and rabbits constitutively expressing APOBEC1 in the liver develop hepatocellular carcinoma [26], and APOBEC1 deficiency in cancer-prone APCmin mice reduces the number of polyps and tumors in the gastrointestinal tract [27]. This evidence concerns the gene APOBEC1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.