Additionally, we measured the expression level of primary-miR-324-5p and primary-miR-23b transcripts in the 30 individuals with 22q11DS and found that they were significantly increased (p<0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively) compared to those measured in 15 TD individuals, while the expression level of the mature miR-324-5p and miR-23b transcripts were decreased (p = 0.001 and p = 0.078 respectively) compared to those measured in TD individuals, strongly suggesting that the observed reduced expression levels of several miRNA are likely due to haploinsufficiency of DGCR8. The gene discussed is DGCR8; the disease is 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.