TNF and Sepsis: As observed in Nod1- and Nod2-deficient mice, Nod1/Nod2- or Rip2-deficient mice that experienced CLP-induced severe sepsis produced similar systemic levels of IL-6 (Figure 3f) and TNF-α (WT, Nod1/Nod2- and Rip2-deficient mice, respectively: Naïve = 3.01±1.3; 4.0±1.2; 3.5±1.6 pg.mL−1 of plasma and after CLP = 25.3±5.2; 25.3±7.3; 21.8±1.2 pg.mL−1 of plasma, n = 5).