It was found later that those FabD homologues, such as ZhuC from R1128 PKS (Tang et al. 2004), EncL from enterocin PKS (Kalaitzis et al. 2011), and presumably DpsD from daunorubicin PKS (Castaldo et al. 2008), are in fact thioesterases which facilitate priming of ACP with the correct starter units (butyrate, benzoate, and propionate, respectively) by hydrolyzing “unwanted” acetyl residues (Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene NDUFAB1 and tetrasomy 12p.