DNAH8 and autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A: Because Ca2+ modulates the phosphorylation of subunit c of F0F1 ATPase and increased Ca2+ levels activates a number of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins (including ATP synthase) [42], [43], calpainopathy may impair transcription of ATP synthase and/or its function.