While iron supplementation in eras with a higher burden of infectious diseases caused detrimental effects toward the risk of malaria or invasive bacterial infections (Sazawal et al., 2006; Soofi et al., 2013), iron supplementation in HIV infected patients resulted in an impaired control of malaria but also in a beneficial or at least neutral course of HIV infection at as reflected by CD4+-cell counts or progression of the disease which was partly dependent on the degree of anemia and base-line iron status (Esan et al., 2013; Prentice et al., 2013; Zlotkin et al., 2013). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is malaria.