LCN2 and pneumococcal infection: Accordingly, Lcn2 expression positively affects the course of infection with other intracellular pathogens, even if they do not express siderophores such as Chlamydia (Bellmann-Weiler et al., 2013), whereas cellular iron export and increased delivery of the metal to the extracellular space can be detrimental as observed in a model of pneumococcal infection, where Lcn2 expression by neutrophils resulted in increased mortality of mice (Warszawska et al., 2013).