In comparison, single infection with B. duttonii caused a peak in IL-10 levels day 3 p.i. In co-infected mice, the IL-10 levels were significantly increased compared to uninfected control early (day 1 p.i.), and late (day 8 p.i.)(Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.026 and 0.004, B. duttonii and P. berghei respectively) (Figure 3A, Table S1). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is infection.