Total spleen cells from single P. berghei, single B. duttonii and co-infected mice (N = 6 from each infection type and time point) were isolated at day 0–5 p.i. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦ) were analyzed for expression of the cells surface markers MHCI and MHCII, and the co-stimulatory molecules CD83 and CD86 (Figures 4 and 5). This evidence concerns the gene CD86 and infection.