INS and Alzheimer disease: Besides the above-mentioned relevance of insulin in both T2D and AD brains (particularly endogenous insulin and/or its downstream signaling cascades), in terms of exogenously administered hormone, it is of the outmost importance to refer that insulin-induced hypoglycemia has been long associated with neurological and cognitive deficits, seizures, coma, and neuronal death (97), particularly in hippocampus, external cortical layers and striatum (98).