More specifically, we will briefly overview the pros and cons of the promising therapeutic potential of a new class of anti-T2D drugs – the incretin/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics – with a particular relevance to the role of exendin-4 (Exe-4) on T2D-associated neurodegeneration. The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.