Importantly, the ability of cortical CB1 signaling to modulate reward processing by acting on specific opiate-receptor substrates localized to sub-cortical reward circuits, may point to another common point of convergence resulting from aberrant ECB transmission in the cortex, linking these abnormalities not only to disturbances in aversive emotional information processing, but to abnormal reward-related learning and memory, commonly seen in schizophrenia patient populations (15, 95). The gene discussed is CNR1; the disease is schizophrenia.