In bladder cancer cells, insulin induces the transcriptional activation of epiregulin, HB-EGF, and amphiregulin (AREG), which may be regulated by transcriptional factors including specific protein 1 (SP1), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 15. This evidence concerns the gene AREG and urinary bladder carcinoma.