FXYD3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Indeed, type 2 diabetes is characterized by beta-cell gluco-incretin resistance [49]–[51], which may explain the reduced methylation and increased expression of Fxyd3. Alternatively, it has been reported that diabetic hyperglycemia caused beta-cell dedifferentiation as revealed by over expression of transcription factors and enzymes normally present in precursor cells [52], [53].