Many studies have confirmed that high HBV-DNA level was a risk factor of recurrence and poorer survival after primary treatment of HCC [36]–[38], and high levels of ALT or AST indicated persistent damage to liver parenchyma, the beneficial effect of NA therapy might be blunted by the development of lamivudine resistance and the relatively higher levels of HBV-DNA, ALT or AST. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.