Furthermore, in none of the 67 patients with typical EM and associated leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia antibodies to A. phagocytophilum were established, and in none of them (95% CI: 0 to 5.3%C) recent infection with TBE virus (indicated by the presence of specific IgM antibodies) was ascertained. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is infection.