Figure 9 shows data obtained using GBM2 cell CM. Both the control and IL-1-activated glioma secretome contained neurotoxic activity (IL-1> Ctr) and the presence of IL-1ra in the incubation medium reduced the neurotoxic activity in both CM. Similar results were obtained with U251 cells pre-treated with IL-1/IFNγ (±IL-1ra) (Figure S2). These results suggest that GBM secretomes in vivo can induce neurotoxicity and that this can be potentiated by the presence of IL-1 in the glioma microenvironment. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is glioblastoma.