Our study shows the novel finding that IL-1 expression is aberrantly induced in malignant glioma cells. The ability of various astroglioma cells to spontaneously produce low picogram/ml of IL-1 in vitro, as well as IL-1 expression by malignant glioma cells in vivo have been reported [55]–[57]. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is malignant glioma.