INS and chronic kidney disease: With further adjusting for fasting insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, drinking and HbA1c, the patients with a 2hPG-FPG value ≥144 mg/dl showed an increased risk of CKD (OR = 2.640, P = 0.033) Additionally, HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of CKD in patients with HbA1c levels ≥7%.