TRERF1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Moreover, Rapa protected cardiomyocytes from the mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal energy utilization, which could be attributed to the inactivation of NF-κB. Conversely, activation of NF-κB pathway resulted in the catastrophic loss of ATP production in cultured cardiomyocytes and abrogated the protective role of Rapa in regressing cardiac hypertrophy.