In cells of myeloid lineage, in vitro DR-3 signaling can influence cytokine release (26) and myeloid cell differentiation (27), while in nonhematopoietic cells in vivo, DR-3 is expressed on neurones controlling neuronal innervation (28) or can be triggered on tubular epithelial cells to regulate responses to renal inflammation and injury (29,30). The gene discussed is TNFRSF25; the disease is inflammatory response.