In the present case-controlled, retrospective study, we have revisited the relationship between MBL and ovarian cancer with an entirely separate series of patients and controls in order to confirm or refute the apparent paradox (association with genetic MBL deficiency, but not serum MBL deficiency) reported earlier, and we have supplemented our investigations to include MASP-2 concentrations, MASP2 genotyping and MBL–MASP-1 complex activities. The gene discussed is MBL2; the disease is ovarian cancer.