It is known that CD40-mediated microglia activation contributes to disease progression in a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and cerebral ischemia, leading to the production of a wide array of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases and neurotoxins [43,44]. The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.