HDs showed a higher percentage of iTNFα+ CD14+ cells than RA patients after LPS or LTA culture (LPS = 66.51 ± 2.4 for HDs vs 33.16 ± 4.82 for RA patients, P < 0.001; LTA = 39.92 ± 1.42 for HDs vs 17.9 ± 3.4 for RA patients, P < 0.01) (Figure 1A). Here, CD14 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.