A number of interconnected pathways (Figure S3 in File S1) previously associated with ischemic stroke were over-represented in females, including TLR (Toll-like receptor), HMGB1, TREM1, PPARα/RXRα, Hypoxia, Renin-Angiotensin, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Glucocorticoid receptor and cytokine signaling pathways [12], [18]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is ischemic stroke.