In postmortem VF samples, we detected significantly lower levels of PDGF (P=0.0002), VEGF (P=0.0003), and β-FGF (P=0.0005), and higher levels of HGF (P=0.0001) in AD (Braak Stage 5–6) relative to control (Table 2). Here, HGF is linked to Alzheimer disease.