PTEN and cancer: For the genes mentioned above, TP53, PTEN, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, KIT are all oncogenes or tumor suppressing genes that have records in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cancergenome/projects/cosmic/) or the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (http://www.omim.org/), and many of the genes have been reported to be associated with cancer or other diseases.