Previously we have demonstrated an improved local response in a range of tumor types treated by electrogenetherapy with a DNA plasmid encoding for the GM-CSF and the humanB7.1 (pGmCSF-b7.1).15, 19 In keeping with this trend, the administration of the pGmCSF-b7.1 was associated with extended survival in the B16F10 primary tumor without being curative. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.