However, the irregular expressions of LFA-1 or ICAM-1 or both have also been related to the specific pathologies of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), thyroiditis, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) [25], [26]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and leukocyte adhesion deficiency.