INS and obesity disorder: Both the HOMA-IR index (2.3 ± 1.2 vs 0.46 ± 0.21, p = 0.001 – in females; 2.77 ± 0.92 vs 0.66 ± 0.34, p = 0.001 – in males) and serum insulin concentration (8.19 ± 2.90 vs 2.33 ± 1.16, p = 0.001 – in females; 10.02 ± 2.62 vs 3.21 ± 1.53, p = 0.001 – in males) were significant higher in rats with MSG-induced obesity compared to control (Figures 6A,B; 7A,B).