INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Female rats from MSG-probiotic group presented significant decrease of fasting glucose level by 17.34% (p = 0.024) and males – by 16.04% (p = 0.010) compared to MSG-group (Figure 5 A,B).Analysis of the HOMA-IR and serum insulin concentrations showed that under condition of MSG-induced obesity rats became insulin resistant.