Previous studies have also shown that the TGF-β pathway plays important roles in the tumorigenesis of BCa [8], and plasma TGF-β1 levels were markedly elevated in patients with muscle-invasive BCa; the highest plasma TGF-β1 levels were observed in patients with bladder carcinoma that had metastasized to the lymph nodes[9]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.