ACTA1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Finally, we used the isogenic ccRCC cells to conduct an analysis of cellular morphology and various markers of mesenchymal (α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] and N-cadherin, mesenchymal markers upregulated during EMT) vs. epithelial (Na,K-ATPase β1 subunit [NaK-β1], a cell-cell adhesion molecule downregulated during EMT [31], and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], a tight junction marker) differentiation.