Interestingly, the one and only reported case of carcinoid tumors associated with PSH in the literature described carcinoid tumors as completely separate from PSH, with absence of PNC hyperplasia or carcinoid tumorlets and completely negative staining for TTF-1 in carcinoid tumor cells [9], which is different from our case and may indicate other pathogenetic pathways. Here, TTF1 is linked to carcinoid tumor.