Compared to group (i), we observed increased secretion of five cytokines (MIF/GIF, Serpin E1, RANTES, IL-6, IL-8) and five chemokines (ENA-78, IL-16, IP-10, MIG, MIP-1α/β) following wIRA/VIS-exposure, chlamydial infection or both. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and chlamydia trachomatis infectious disease.