When the diabetic rats were treated with EtOH at low concentration which was reported to activate ALDH2 expression [8, 10], lung ALDH2 mRNA and protein expressions were increased, lung oxidative stress injury and swelling degree were attenuated, the destruction of pulmonary tissue and Type II alveolar cell structure was alleviated, suggesting that downregulation of pulmonary ALDH2 was likely to be correlated with oxidative stress injury in diabetic rats, and activation of ALDH2 with EtOH at low concentration attenuated diabetes induced lung injury and oxidative stress overload. The gene discussed is ALDH2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.