APP and Down syndrome: However, in recent years, similar phenotypes have been reported for AD mouse models based on APP overexpression (Stokin et al., 2005; Wirths et al., 2006, 2007; Adalbert et al., 2009; Jawhar et al., 2012) and disturbances of axonal transport rates have been reported in APP-based transgenic mouse models of Down syndrome (Salehi et al., 2003) and AD (Smith et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012).