Function-blocking antibodies against Nogo-A, Nogo receptor (NgR1)-blocking peptides, antibodies against the Nogo receptor subunit Lingo-1, or pharmacological blockade of the signal transducer RhoA and ROCK have been administered in various laboratories in different stroke and spinal cord injury models in rodents and primates (Pernet and Schwab, 2012 for review). Here, RTN4 is linked to stroke disorder.