TNF and cyclic hematopoiesis: In our present study, the activities of major inflammatory cytokines, including the NF-κB p65 subunit, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, were all remarkably augmented in SCI-induced rats, and CH treatment dose-dependently suppressed the proinflammatory responses, which implicates the involvement of its anti-inflammatory action in the attenuation of SCI in rats.