CXCL8 and infection: The results of this study showed that HPVI-1 does not use the JNK pathway for activation of IL-8, while the MAPKs p38 and ERK are phosphorylated by the production of IL-8 after the infection, similar results have been described after RSV infection (virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family) in human lung endothelial cells where ERK phosphorylation enabled IL-8se creation [37].