ACTN3 and Hypertension: During the same time period, (a) NIH funded projects examining the biomedical correlates of DR (n = 1), ACE (n = 416), ACTN3 (n = 3), and MSTN (n = 84) and NSF funded 3 projects that proposed to examine MSTN in nonhuman animals and (b) NIH funded 152 grant proposals designed to examine hypertension and race, 280 grant proposals designed to examine type 2 diabetes and race, and another 114 grant proposals that had the term “racial differences” in their titles or abstracts.