AKT1 and melanoma: For example, studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and MAPK signaling cascades can be additively inhibited in melanoma xenograft using to small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) Akt3 and V600EB-Raf loaded into cationic nanoliposomes (Figure 4).