Heme-regulated translation inhibitor (HRI) kinase is activated in response to oxidative stress, GCN2 senses nutrient deprivation and ultraviolet damage, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) is activated in response to viral infections, and the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signals in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here, EIF2AK2 is linked to viral infectious disease.