In the FDA registration trial, ipilimumab significantly improved the median overall survival from 6.4 months in the group that received gp100 alone to 10.0 or 10.1 months in the group that received ipilimumab with or without gp100 (cancer vaccine comprises HLA-A*0201–restricted peptides derived from the melanosomal protein, glycoprotein 100 [gp100][14]), respectively, in patients with unresectable stage III and IV melanoma[14]. This evidence concerns the gene PMEL and cancer.