Workshop participants aimed to identify a small number of referral criteria that: can be applied in the case of both known and unknown prenatal alcohol exposure; have a specificity comparable with previously published criteria; and exclude criteria which are not consistent with the diagnostic categories recommended for use in Australia (FAS, partial FAS (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorder-alcohol exposed (ND-AE) [21]). Here, FAS is linked to neurodevelopmental disorder.