BDNF and stroke disorder: Indeed, MSCs enriched from adult human umbilical cord and bone marrow have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for treatment of stroke in a rat model, presumably by an increased expression of cytokines CXCL2 and CXCL5 and growth factors BDNF, NT-3, FGF9, HBEGF, and VEGF in the ischemic brain that was accompanied by reduction of the infarct volume, increased neurogenesis, and improved neurological function (Chen et al., 2005; Crigler et al., 2006; Hayase et al., 2009; Bao et al., 2011; Lim et al., 2011; Hsieh et al., 2013).