The fold changes of each gene in the SSc fibroblasts were 3.1 ± 0.85-folds (P = 0.003) for COL1A2, 6.7 ± 0.59-folds (P < 0.001) for COL3A1, 2.4 ± 0.28-folds (P < 0.001) for CTGF, 26.4-folds ± 1.91 (P < 0.001) for SPARC and 31.1 ± 4.19-folds (P < 0.001) for TGF-β1, respectively. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.