TNF and neoplasm: Both secreted and membrane-bound IFN-γ and TNF-α were found to be important for the induction of resistance of OSCSCs and DPSCs to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, since combination of antibodies to TNF-α and IFN-γ and not each one alone was able to restore susceptibility to NK-mediated cytotoxicity and increase the number of tumor cells.