ACE and kidney disorder: AngII has been shown to stimulate TGF-β production by various cells including renal tubular cells and fibroblasts and several studies have demonstrated that the use of either AngII receptor (AT1 and AT2) antagonists or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in experimental renal disease models reduces TGF-β production and attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis [21, 22].