Thus, Ilzecka and coworkers [82, 83] showed increased amounts of proapoptotic interleukin-1β converting enzyme/caspase-1 and caspase-9 in ALS patients; in addition, the increased levels of caspase-9 correlated with both the degree of severity and the duration of the disease. The gene discussed is CASP9; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.