In addition, MCP-1 levels of ≥30 pg/mL and PAI-1 of ≥3.3 ng/mL conferred a modestly higher risk of OSA (OR = 2, CI95% = 1.1–3.6, P = 0.02; OR = 1.8, CI95% = 1–3.2, P = 0.04, resp). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.