Enduring hyperglycemia and/or extreme perturbations in glycemia are common generators of oxidative stress, which has been shown to induce insulin resistance through activity of NF-κB. Interestingly, administration of the common salicylate aspirin (7.0 g/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes enhances glucose homeostasis and peripheral insulin sensitivity, at least in part through the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear activity [32]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.