In addition, preeclampsia is associated with a proinflammatory systemic environment due to the elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, chemokines IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1, and adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) as compared to normal pregnancy. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and preeclampsia.