TREM2 and Alzheimer disease: Interestingly, the stress- and inflammation-induced transcription factor NF-kB, a driver for miRNA-34a expression, is also selectively up-regulated in AD-affected brain regions, and both NF-kB inhibitors and stabilized anti-miRNA-34a appear to be effective in restoring TREM2 back to homeostatic levels, at least in in vitro primary cell models of inflammatory neurodegeneration (Crampton and O'Keeffe, 2013; Lukiw, 2013a; Zhao and Lukiw, 2013; Zhao et al., 2013).